Compare Gibraltar (2003) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2003)

Compare Gibraltar (2003) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2003)

	Gibraltar (2003)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	none	-
Airports	1 (2002)	none (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908, except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations, and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island.
Birth rate	11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)	-
Capital	Gibraltar	-
Climate	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Coastline	12 km	NA km
Constitution	30 May 1969	adopted 3 October 1985
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Currency	Gibraltar pound (GIP)	-
Death rate	8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Debt - external	$NA	-
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony	briefly occupied by military force in 1982 - claimed by Argentina in constitution but declares it will no longer seek settlement by force
Economic aid - recipient	$NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU	-
Economy - overview	Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.
Electricity - consumption	93 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	100 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant	NA
Ethnic groups	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese	-
Exchange rates	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor	-
Exports	NA (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%	-
Exports - partners	UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-
Geographic coordinates	36 8 N, 5 21 W	54 30 S, 37 00 W
Geography - note	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 21st century, live on South Georgia
Highways	total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	NA (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs	-
Imports - partners	Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)	-
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (1998)	-
International organization participation	Interpol (subbureau)	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal	-
Labor force	14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)	-
Labor force - by occupation	services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%	-
Land boundaries	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)
Languages	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese	-
Legal system	English law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.38 years male: 76.51 years female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%	-
Location	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Map references	Europe	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force	-
National holiday	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar	-
Natural hazards	NA	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Natural resources	NEGL	fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Pipelines	0 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association	-
Population	27,776 (July 2003 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.22% (2003 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Gibraltar	Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	0 (2003)
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Telephones - main lines in use	19,000 (1997)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,620 (1997)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)	0 (2003)
Terrain	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Total fertility rate	1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	2% (2001 est.)	-
Waterways	none	none

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